This resulted in him being detained in solitary confinement for eleven months in 1974 under Section 6 of the Terrorism Act, 1967, for organising pro- Frelimo rallies. While at university, Ramaphosa became involved in student politics and joined the South African Students Organisation (SASO) and the Black People's Convention (BPC). He subsequently registered to study law at the University of the North (Turfloop) in Limpopo Province in 1972. In 1971, he matriculated from Mphaphuli High School in Sibasa, Venda where he was elected head of the Student Christian Movement. He attended Tshilidzi Primary School and Sekano Ntoane High School in Soweto. He is the second of the three children to Erdmuth and retired policeman Samuel Ramaphosa. Ramaphosa was born in Soweto, Johannesburg, on 17 November 1952, to Venda parents. On 19 December 2022, it was announced that the ANC's 55th National Conference had elected Ramaphosa to a second term as president of the ANC. He has been criticised for the conduct of his business interests, including his harsh posture as a Lonmin director towards the Marikana miners' strike in the week ahead of the Marikana massacre. Ramaphosa's estimated net worth was estimated at over R6.4 billion ( $450 million) as of 2018. While president, Ramaphosa served as chairperson of the African Union from 2020 to 2021 and led South Africa's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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He began his first full term as president in May 2019 following the ANC's victory in the 2019 general election. Two months later, the day after Zuma resigned on 14 February 2018, the National Assembly (NA) elected Ramaphosa as president of South Africa. At the ANC's 54th National Conference on 18 December 2017, he was elected president of the ANC. He was also chairman of the National Planning Commission. He returned to politics in December 2012 at the ANC's 53rd National Conference and served as the deputy president of South Africa under President Jacob Zuma from 2014 to 2018. However, Ramaphosa resigned from politics in 1996 and became well known as a businessman, including as an owner of McDonald's South Africa, chair of the board for MTN, member of the board for Lonmin, and founder of the Shanduka Group. He was elected chairperson of the Constitutional Assembly after the country's first fully democratic elections in 1994 and some observers believed that he was Mandela's preferred successor. In 1991, he was elected ANC secretary general under ANC president Nelson Mandela and became the ANC's chief negotiator during the negotiations that ended apartheid. Ramaphosa rose to national prominence as secretary general of South Africa's biggest and most powerful trade union, the National Union of Mineworkers. A former anti-apartheid activist, trade union leader, and businessman, Ramaphosa is also the president of the African National Congress (ANC). Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa (born 17 November 1952) is a South African businessman and politician who is the fifth and current president of South Africa.
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